Lug Nut Sizes. Hub bore. Tire Pressure. Or select another car. Bolt Pattern: 5x5.3. Number of bolts: 5. PCD: 5.3' (or 135 mm) The bolt pattern for a 2000 Ford F-150 is 5x135. The given lug pattern is the same for different years of production and has never changed since the model came off the production line.XLT 4wd Pick-up. The 1998 Ford F150 XLT 4wd Pick-up bolt pattern is 5-135 mm. This means there are 5 lugs and the diameter of the circle that the lugs make up measures 135 mm or 5.3 inches across. To get a close measurement of your 5 lug bolt pattern without a bolt pattern tool you should measure from the center of one lug to the outer edge of ...What is the lug pattern on a 94 f150 singlecab short bed 4x4? 2000 F150 Build WIP. Top. grouch Regular Member Posts: 114 Joined: Fri Jun 08, 2018 12:54 am. Re: Lug pattern on 94 f150. Post by grouch » Mon Apr 04, 2022 3:27 pm. 5 on 5 1/2. About 1997 or so they went metric and it was 5 on 135mm. ... 1990 Ford F-150 XLT, 1996 Dodge Ram 1500 4X4 ...I'd take the extra load carrying capabilities of the 7 lug over a set of after market wheels anyday. That's just me though. Imo you should stay with your 7 lugs but a cheap option is to get wheel spacers/adapters. They make 7 to 6 lug conversion adapters. Get a 7 to 8 lug adaptor for a popular 8 lug pattern.Well the bolt pattern is the same, 6x135mm. The thread pitch for lugnuts may be different if I recall, I know on F150 2015 up the pitch is 14x1.5 and prior years its 14x2. Offset is the other concern, but if you are going with OEM wheels, it wont vary enough to be a concern. Also TPMS for wheels prior to 2015 wont work either, so those will ...Replace alloy remanufactured 15x7 carid 1996 machined. 1985 ford f150 lug pattern1978-1991 ford f-250 f-350 e-250 e-350 oem 8 lug steel 16" wheel Lug pattern for 1992 ford explorer2002 ford f150 lug pattern. 1978 ford f-150Ford f150 lug pattern 2005 1985 ford f150 wheel bolt patternWill these wheels fit 1986 f-150.Thread size (THD) 1/2″ – 20 UNF. Wheel Fasteners. Lug nuts. This 1994-2001 Dodge Ram 1500 used a 5×5.5″ (5×139.7mm) bolt pattern. This means you need 5 lug nuts to attach a wheel to this truck’s axle. In addition, a breakdown of the bolt pattern shows that the diameter of rims on the Ram 1500 is 5.5 inches or 139.7mm. Year/Make/Model.The 5×139.7mm (5×5.5″) bolt pattern for both 2WD and 4WD models simplifies the process of choosing compatible wheels. Whether you're eyeing a set of stylish rims or upgrading for off-road adventures, knowing your bolt pattern ensures a smooth and safe driving experience. The 1983 Ford F150, in 2WD and 4WD, has a uniform bolt pattern ...Find out what wheels and tires fit the 1996 Ford F-150. Check the tables below to get all tire sizes, wheel sizes, bolt patterns (PCD), rims offset, and tire pressure. The 1996 Ford F-150 tire sizes are 215/75SR15, 235/75SR15. The 1996 Ford F-150 bolt pattern is 5x139.7. For more info check the size tables below.The 5×139.7mm (5×5.5″) bolt pattern for both 2WD and 4WD models simplifies the process of choosing compatible wheels. Whether you’re eyeing a set of stylish rims or upgrading for off-road adventures, knowing your bolt pattern ensures a smooth and safe driving experience. The 1983 Ford F150, in 2WD and 4WD, has a uniform bolt …A Ford F150’s fuel tank capacity varies between 23 and 36 gallons depending on whether or not the purchased vehicle is standard or extended range. The Ford F150’s cab style also af...FordPartsGiant.com offers genuine Ford F-150 Lug Nuts with wholesale prices online. Our large inventory of Lug Nuts fits 1980-2019 Ford F-150 and more. ... 1980-1996 Ford F-150 | 6 Cyl 3.8L, 6 Cyl 4.9L, 8 Cyl 5.0L, 8 Cyl 5.8L, 8 Cyl 6.9L | 3AT C5, 3AT C6, 3MT, 4AT 4R70W, 4AT 4R75W, 4AT AOD, 4AT E4OD, 4MT, 5MT; Less Info. View related parts.Wheel size, PCD, offset, and other specifications such as bolt pattern, thread size (THD), center bore (CB), trim levels for 1995 Ford E-150 Econoline. Wheel and tire fitment data. Original equipment and alternative options.1994 Ford Truck F150 Rims, 1994 Ford Truck F150 Wheels at 1994 ford truck f150 rims, 1994 ford truck f150 wheels at Ford wheels bronco wheel f150 bolt rims pattern 1994 1995 originalwheels truck 1992 1996 used number part aluminum lug size Qotd: 1997 ford f-250 seven lug wheels - marketing bs or engineeringOct 28, 2011 · 96 f350 lug thread size needed - Ford Truck Enthusiasts Forums. Ford Truck Enthusiasts Forums. Older, Classic & Antique Trucks. 1987 - 1996 F150 & Larger F-Series Trucks. 96 f350 lug thread size needed. Notices. 1987 - 1996 F150 & Larger F-Series Trucks 1987 - 1996 Ford F-150, F-250, F-350 and larger pickups - including the 1997 heavy-duty F250 ...1994 ford f150 bolt pattern2017 ford f 150 bolt pattern chart Lug pattern for 2002 ford f150Ford f150 1993 wheel wheels bolt pattern rims 1997 truck source originalwheels 1996 related. BOLT F150 FORD PATTERN » Patterns Gallery. Check Details. F150 ford wheels bronco wheel pattern bolt 1993 rims 1995 1994 originalwheels truck 1992 1996 source ...Common bolt patterns have 4, 5, 6, or 8 lug holes, while less common have 3, 7, or 10 lug bolt patterns. This cross-reference database was created to help you easily find a specific vehicle bolt pattern and identify other vehicles with wheels that will fit yours.The Ford Motor Company was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. ... F-150: 09-14: 17x7.5: 6x135: 14x2.0: 87: M/H: F-150: 15-17: 17x7.5: 6x135: 14x1.5: 87: H: F150 TRUCK: 97-00: 16x7: 5x135: 12x1.75: 87: L: ... The bolt/lug pattern information provided is accurate to the best of our knowledge. No warranties or guarantees are ...1989 Ford F150 Lug Pattern. 1993 ford truck f150 rims, 1993 ford truck f150 wheels at 2000 ford f150 lug pattern 78 ford f150 lug pattern. 1985 ford f150 lug pattern. 1999 ford f150 wheel bolt pattern1989 ford f150 lug pattern Ford f150 1993 wheel pattern bolt wheels 1994 rims truck lug xlt 1997 autos post originalwheels 1996 number part rim..FordPartsGiant.com offers genuine Ford F-150 Lug Nuts with wholesale prices online. Our large inventory of Lug Nuts fits 1980-2019 Ford F-150 and more. ... 1980-1996 Ford F-150 | 6 Cyl 3.8L, 6 Cyl 4.9L, 8 Cyl 5.0L, 8 Cyl 5.8L, 8 Cyl 6.9L | 3AT C5, 3AT C6, 3MT, 4AT 4R70W, 4AT 4R75W, 4AT AOD, 4AT E4OD, 4MT, 5MT; Less Info. View related parts.Wheel size, PCD, offset, and other specifications such as bolt pattern, thread size (THD), center bore (CB), trim levels for 1989 Ford F-150. Wheel and tire fitment data. Original equipment and alternative options.F150 2000 pattern Bolt pattern for 1983 ford f250 wheels 1995 f 150 bolt pattern Ford rims f150 wheels bronco wheel 1993 1995 1994 bolt pattern truck aluminum 1992 1701 1996 used alloy factory steel. ... ← 1996 Ford F150 Lug Pattern 1996 Ford F 250 Engine 5.8 L V8 ...Apr 22, 2009 · Ford F150 Forum - Community of Ford Truck Fans. Pre-1997 F150. 1987 - 1996 F150. 1994 F150 lug pattern. Topic Sponsor. 1987 - 1996 F150 Still running strong! Talk about your 8th and 9th generation Ford F150 trucks.Bolt f150 ford pattern » patterns gallery1995 f 150 bolt pattern Pattern bolt ford f150 wheel factory capital lug wheels2006 ford f150 bolt pattern. Ford wheels f150 1997 rims bolt 1998 wheel truck pattern originalwheels 2004 patterns used number part adapters spacersF150 2000 pattern 2005 f150 bolt patternBolt f150 ford pattern » patterns ...Pre-1997 F150. 1987 - 1996 F150; Engine Talk; How-To Section; Pre- 1987 / Classic Corner; ... 2020 Ford F150; Are these the correct offset/lug pattern for my 2016? Topic Sponsor. ... I think that is correct but i'd do a search to make sure. you can google "2016 f-150 bolt pattern" and check the responses to be sure. Reply Like 12-07-2016, 10:25 ...There are three basic lug patterns: 5-lug, 6-lug and 8-lug. These are common on smaller trucks, but not all vehicles use the same lug pattern. Some models, such as the fender-mounted Ford F-150, may have a 5-lug pattern. However, the 6-lug and 8-lug patterns are more common on half-ton and 1-ton trucks.Offset: -12mm. Front. Rear. Discounts & Offers. Instant Installation Credit. More Details. $20.00 Instant Installation Credit (Per Wheel) - $80.00. Set of 4 : $644.00. $107.33 /mo suggested payments with 6-month promotional financing on your Tire Rack Credit Card. Learn How.Find bolt patterns for each 1991 Ford F150 option. 1991 Ford F150 Bolt Patterns. 5 Lug Pattern. 5x139.7mm = 5x5.5 inches. Ford > F150 > 1991. Year/Make/Model/Option: Bolt Patterns: 1991 Ford F150 2wd Pick-up: 5x139.7mm (5x5.5") 1991 Ford F150 4wd Pick-up: 5x139.7mm (5x5.5")Aug 6, 2023 · Understanding the nuances of lug patterns is essential to ensure a proper fit when interchanging wheels. To identify your F-150’s lug pattern, measure the distance between the center of one bolt hole to the center of the opposite bolt hole. Alternatively, you can consult your vehicle’s manual or reach out to a trusted mechanic.2000 ford f150 5 lug bolt patternFord tire lug wheel size pickup 1951 pattern bolt chart truck 1950 original specifications f3 trucks forums width 20s nuts Pattern bolt ford f150 lugAwesome 2014 ford f150 lug pattern. 1996 Ford F150 Lug Pattern. Check Details. Ford f150 lug patternFind bolt patterns for each 1999 Ford F150 option. 1999 Ford F150 Bolt Patterns. 5 Lug Pattern. 5x135mm = 5x5.3 inches. Ford > F150 > 1999. Year/Make/Model/Option: Bolt Patterns: 1999 Ford F150 Flareside 4wd: 5x135mm (5x5.3") 1999 Ford F150 Lariat 2wd: 5x135mm (5x5.3") 1999 Ford F150 Lariat 4wd:7 lug bolt pattern has been around for a while. 1997-1999 F250 light duty and 2000-2003 F150 7700 payload package have the 7 lug bolt pattern. They were 16" wheels though. If you are considering 7 lug bolt pattern, keep in mind that finding aftermarket wheels are like finding hens teeth. If you don't plan to put fancy wheels on, then it is no ...2003 f150 bolt pattern?? Does anybody know the bolt pattern on a 2003? I believe it's 5x135 but I'm wondering if the model matters. For example I have the heritage edition. Reply Like. 03-26-2013, 11:38 PM.Sales of Factory Original 1992 Ford Truck F150 Rims and 1992 Ford Truck F150 Wheels at OriginalWheels.com. ... 15" x 7.5", 5 Lug, 5.5" Bolt Pattern Finish: Machined OE: Description: Used 10 Hole Factory Alloy Rims Condition: Like-New. ... 1992-1996 Ford Truck F150 . Size: 15" x 6", 5 Lug, 5.5" Bolt Pattern Finish: Available in Several Colors OEBolt Pattern: 6x5.3. Number of bolts: 6. PCD: 5.3' (or 135 mm) The bolt pattern for 2007 Ford F-150 is 6x135 where "6" - is stud count. "135" is the bolt circle measurement. This is a pivotal year for Ford F-150 lug pattern scheme. The previous value of bolt pattern was 5x135, ended in 2003. Aftermarket Wheels / Lug Nuts / Hub Rings / Center Caps.Bolt Pattern: 6x5.3. Number of bolts: 6. PCD: 5.3' (or 135 mm) The bolt pattern for 2005 Ford F-150 is 6x135 where "6" - is stud count. "135" is the bolt circle measurement. This is a pivotal year for Ford F-150 lug pattern scheme. The previous value of bolt pattern was 5x135, ended in 2003. Aftermarket Wheels / Lug Nuts / Hub Rings / Center Caps.Wheel- Size.com The world's largest wheel fitment database. Wheel size, PCD, offset, and other specifications such as bolt pattern, thread size (THD), center bore (CB), trim levels for 1988 Ford F-150. Wheel and tire fitment data. Original equipment and alternative options.1980, 81 f100s have 4.5inch bolt pattern, and the rotor should fit your spindle. Any machine shop shoul be able to re drill the axles, then either use the f100 drum, or re drill yours, dads working on an 81 now, thats how i …Read more: 1988 Ford F150 Bolt/Lug Patterns. Conclusion. Knowing the bolt patterns of your vehicle is essential for any wheel-related modifications. The 2006 Honda Civic maintains a consistent bolt pattern of 5×114.3mm (5×4.5″) across its various models, ensuring compatibility when exploring wheel customization options. ... 1996 Toyota ...Sales of Factory Original 1995 Ford Truck F150 Rims and 1995 Ford Truck F150 Wheels at OriginalWheels.com ... 15" x 7.5", 5 Lug, 5.5" Bolt Pattern Finish: Polished OE: F4TZ1007A Description ... (800) 896-7467 (Without Center Cap) Steel Wheels. Wheel Part Number: 3024 1992-1996 Ford Truck F150 . Size: 15" x 6", 5 Lug, 5.5" Bolt Pattern Finish ...Well the bolt pattern is the same, 6x135mm. The thread pitch for lugnuts may be different if I recall, I know on F150 2015 up the pitch is 14x1.5 and prior years its 14x2. Offset is the other concern, but if you are going with OEM wheels, it wont vary enough to be a concern. Also TPMS for wheels prior to 2015 wont work either, so those will ...14mmx2.0. Standard. 2015-Current. 14mm x 1.5. XL Heavy. 2004-Current. 14mm x 2.0. As you see from the above table, there have been some changes over the years as far as lug nut size is concerned. When you are purchasing lug nuts as replacements, you need to be aware of which size fits your F150 based on the year.Bolt f150 ford pattern » patterns gallery Ford f150 bolt pattern factory wheel capital wheels Qotd: 1997 ford f-250 seven lug wheels - marketing bs or engineering 1993 ford f150 wheel bolt pattern. Repair Machine. Browse Fix Garage. ... 1996 Ford F150 Lug Pattern.2000 f150 Bolt Pattern Rim and Wheels Size Needed. What? - YouTube. 1995 ford f150 aluminum rims Bolt pattern wheels ford f150 inch wheel ebay 1995 patterns lug 2009 electronics cars 1995 f 150 bolt pattern16" 5 lug 5.50" bolt circle wheels were optional for F100/150 & Bronco thru 1979. 17" 5 lug 5.50" bolt circle wheels were optional for 1956/66 F100. The 16" wheels are very hard to find and with disc brakes, you'll need the 1973/79 wheel, as the earlier wheels will not clear the disc brake calipers.In a report released today, Ryan Brinkman from J.P. Morgan maintained a Buy rating on Ford Motor (F – Research Report). The company’... In a report released today, Ryan...Location: Ottawa, Ontario. Posts: 30,988. Likes: 0. Received 1,006 Likes on 790 Posts. The early Jeeps use the same bolt pattern but the wheel offset is often all wrong for our trucks. You want a maximum of 4" backspacing for our trucks, that equates to 0 offset on an 8" wheel and -2" offset on a 10" wheel.2004 ford f150 bolt pattern 1991 ford f150 lug pattern 94 ford f150 lug pattern. Qotd: 1997 ford f-250 seven lug wheels. Ford wheels 1990 rims f150 1991 truck van e150 wheel originalwheels number part bolt size1994 ford truck f150 rims, 1994 ford truck f150 wheels at 1991 ford truck f250 rims, 1991 ford truck f250 wheels atFord f-150 polished ...2009 - 2014 Ford F150 - 7 Lug Wheels For HD Payload Package - This was originally posted under Aftermarket/wheels and tires, but it was getting hardly any reads and no replies. My 2012 F150,ext cab, 8' bed, 4wd has the factory HD payload package. This includes 7 lug axles and LT245/70/R17 tires. There appears to be...Find out what wheels and tires fit the 1996 Ford F-150. Check the tables below to get all tire sizes, wheel sizes, bolt patterns (PCD), rims offset, and tire pressure. The 1996 Ford F-150 tire sizes are 215/75SR15, 235/75SR15. The 1996 Ford F-150 bolt pattern is 5x139.7. For more info check the size tables below.Find bolt patterns for each 2009 Ford F150 option. 2009 Ford F150 Bolt Patterns. 6 Lug Pattern. 6x135mm = 6x5.3 inches. 7 Lug Pattern. 7x150mm = 7x5.9 inches. Ford > F150 > 2009. Year/Make/Model/Option: Bolt Patterns: 2009 Ford F150 FX4 4x4 Super Cab: 6x135mm (6x5.3") 2009 Ford F150 FX4 4x4 Super Crew:1993. >. 4wd Pick-up. The 1993 Ford F150 4wd Pick-up bolt pattern is 5-139.7 mm. This means there are 5 lugs and the diameter of the circle that the lugs make up measures 139.7 mm or 5.5 inches across. To get a close measurement of your 5 lug bolt pattern without a bolt pattern tool you should measure from the center of one lug to the outer ...Between 1983 and 2022, the Ford Ranger underwent four distinct generations, each with varying lug configurations. The majority of these generations were designed with either 5 or 6 lugs and a bolt pattern of 5×114.33 mm or 139.7 mm, although this may vary from generation to generation. To clarify, the lug and bolt pattern describes the number ...In order to reduce the unsprung weight, the Twin I-Beam was made of high-quality stamped steel. The 1983-1988 Ford Ranger had a lug and bolt pattern of 5×4.5″ (5×114.3mm). This means its wheel has a 5-lug pattern on a circle featuring 4.5-inch or 114.3mm diameter.Lug pattern on 94 f150. 3 posts • Page 1 of 1. Jay_15yr Regular Member Posts: 33 Joined: Mon Oct 28, 2019 1:15 pm ... 1990 Ford F-150 XLT, 1996 Dodge Ram 1500 4X4, 2016 Mazda CX-5. Top. Steve83 Hardcore Ford Truck Fanatic Posts: 19351 Joined: Sat Nov 02, 2002 9:19 pm Truck: 83 Bronco with major modsFind bolt patterns for each 2003 Ford F150 option. 2003 Ford F150 Bolt Patterns. 5 Lug Pattern. 5x135mm = 5x5.3 inches. Ford > F150 > 2003. Year/Make/Model/Option: Bolt Patterns: 2003 Ford F150 Harley Davidson: 5x135mm (5x5.3") 2003 Ford F150 Lightning: 5x135mm (5x5.3") 2003 Ford F150 Reg Cab 2wd:1986 ford f150 lug patternWill these wheels fit 1986 f-150 2008 ford f150 lug patternFord f150 wheels 1990 rims truck wheel 1991 pattern originalwheels used number part lug. 1978 ford 1991 oem lug wheel steel wheels2001 ford f150 lug pattern Qotd: 1997 ford f-250 seven lug wheelsReplace alloy remanufactured 15x7 carid 1996 machined.1994 Ford F150 bolt patterns. Find bolt patterns for each 1994 Ford F150 option. 1994 Ford F150 Bolt Patterns. 5 Lug Pattern. 5x139.7mm = 5x5.5 inches. Ford > F150 > 1994. Year/Make/Model/Option: Bolt Patterns: 1994 Ford F150 2wd Pick-up: 5x139.7mm (5x5.5") 1994 Ford F150 4wd Pick-up:7x150mm (7x5.9") 2004 Ford F150 XLT Super Crew 2wd Standard Payload 6-Lug. 6x135mm (6x5.3") 2004 Ford F150 XLT Super Crew 4wd Heavy Duty Payload 7-Lug. 7x150mm (7x5.9") 2004 Ford F150 XLT Super Crew 4wd Standard Payload 6-Lug. 6x135mm (6x5.3") 2004 Ford F150 bolt patterns. Find bolt patterns for each 2004 Ford F150 option.2009 - 2014 Ford F150 - Lug pattern on my 2010 FX4 - Can anyone help me with this simple question? I just bought my first truck (2010 Screw FX4). My truck has 18 wheels. ... Pre-1997 F150. 1987 - 1996 F150; Engine Talk; How-To Section; Pre- 1987 / Classic Corner; Community. Site News and Update Information; Regional Forums; …Sep 7, 2015 · 1997 - 2003 Ford F150 - 5 lug to 6 lug conversion tech question - Hi everyone, I am currently building up a 2003 F150 - some details about the truck: 03 SuperCab F150 blue jeans 4WD ( By passed vacuum plunger to a wire PTO style cable best upgrade ever ) 5.4 3v Truck has a little over 173000KM ( Yes I'm Canadian ) My...1999 dodge ram 1500 lug pattern Ford rims f150 wheels bronco 1994 1995 truck aluminum wheel 1992 1701 1996 used alloy steel lug originalwheels size 1990 Ford f150 wheels 1993 1994 bolt pattern wheel truck 1997 rims originalwheels 1996 number part. 1994 Ford Truck F150 Rims, 1994 Ford Truck F150 Wheels at. 2002 ford f150 wheel bolt pattern 1994 ...Wheel size, PCD, offset, and other specifications such as bolt pattern, thread size (THD), center bore (CB), trim levels for 2021 Ford F-150. Wheel and tire fitment data. Original equipment and alternative options.FORD 8 X 6.5 Bolt Pattern Measurement and Specifications. The 8 X 6.5 Bolt Pattern or Pitch Circle Diameter (PCD) is made up of the stud count (8) and the bolt circle measurement (6.5), the notional circle determined by the center position of the studs.. How To Measure 8 Lug Bolt Patterns. Measure 8 lug wheel bolt patterns from center to center distance between two studs that are across the ...2wd Pick-up. The 1988 Ford F150 2wd Pick-up bolt pattern is 5-139.7 mm. This means there are 5 lugs and the diameter of the circle that the lugs make up measures 139.7 mm or 5.5 inches across. To get a close measurement of your 5 lug bolt pattern without a bolt pattern tool you should measure from the center of one lug to the outer edge of the ...Bolt Patterns. 1992 Ford F150 2wd Pick-up. 5x139.7mm (5x5.5") 1992 Ford F150 4wd Pick-up. 5x139.7mm (5x5.5") 1992 Ford F150 bolt patterns. Find bolt patterns for each 1992 Ford F150 option.Ford suspension 1996 f150 front bronco lift rear 4wd 1980 system radius 4x4 kits kit bds enlargedSuspension ford beam ranger front twin arm axle spring side radius diagrams source ttb Suspension ford front 150 parts 1995 1997 1992 1989 components oem bracket f150 f250 part list engine4 pieces front suspension kit for 1997-1999 ford f-250 2wd 1 ...Lug Nut Sizes. Hub bore. Tire Pressure. Or select another car. Bolt Pattern: 6x5.3. Number of bolts: 6. PCD: 5.3' (or 135 mm) A 2014 Ford F-150 sports a bolt pattern of 6x135, which equates to 6 bolts forming a circle 135 millimeters, or 5.31 inches in diameter. Aftermarket Wheels / Lug Nuts / Hub Rings / Center Caps.1980 - 1986 Bullnose F100, F150 & Larger F-Series Trucks - 1985 Ford F-150 OEM Wheel Lug Pattern - Can anyone tell me the stock wheel lug pattern for my 2wd F-150. I'm in the process of lowering the truck 4 front and rear. Will be looking for rims shortly. ... 1996 F150 & Larger F-Series Trucks. 1. 11-12-2009 09:51 AM. 89 f150 lug …Ford F-350 bolt patterns are: 8x165.1 for model years 1967-1997, 8x170 for model years 1999-2022, 8x200 for model years 2005-2022.The lug and bolt pattern on the 1992-1996 Ford F-150 is a crucial aspect of its design, directly affecting its compatibility with different wheels. With an awareness of this vital detail, F-150 owners can confidently explore a wide range of wheel options that complement their truck's unique character while ensuring optimum safety and ...