4 categories for causes. decrease in GFR due to direct injury to the kidneys (may be due to a variety of insults). 1. Glomerular (e.g. acute glomerulonephritis, hemolytic uremic syndrome) 2. Vascular diseases (e.g. cholesterol emboli, renal vein thrombosis) 3. Interstitial - acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) 4.Patients with CKD who have excessive sodium intakes may experience: edema and hypertension. Patients with renal disease usually have a chronic state of inflammation, as shown by elevated serum levels of: C-reactive protein. The presence of protein in the urine is called: proteinuria. Chapter 23 Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free.A clinical syndrome caused by failure of the hemodynamic, filtration, and/or excretory function of kidneys. Accumulation of metabolic toxins, dysregulation of electrolytes, and acid-base balance. Progression/onset, location, and etiology/cause. Rapidly progressive loss of renal function due to a multitude of causes.b. Injury is the stage of RIFLE classification when urine output is less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr for 12 hours, the serum creatinine is increased times two or the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is decreased by 50%. This stage may be reversible by treating the cause or, in this patient, the dehydration by administering IV fluid and a low dose of a loop diuretic, furosemide (Lasix).Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A patient is considered mildly elevated for CKD when they receive their albuminuria lab report. Which result would correlate to this finding?, Which of these statements is false? A. Decreased levels of serum creatinine are associated with decreased kidney function. B. Higher levels of urine albumin are associated with increases ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the homeostatic function of kidneys in health?, What is the endocrine function of kidneys in health?, What is the excretory function of kidneys in health? and more.Having dry kidneys means dehydration resulting in kidney conditions that impair renal function. These conditions include acute renal failure, chronic renal failure and kidney disea...Define "Chronic Kidney Disease". A pathophysiologic process with multiple etiologies that results in the permanent loss of nephrons and a decline in function that frequently leads to kidney failure. True or false, serum creatinine is as more reliable measurement than using the GFR to determine stages of Chronic Kidney Disease.renal failure. -condition in which kidney fails to maintain homeostasis. -build up of nitrogenous waste (increase in BUN and creatinine = Azotemia) -decrease in glomerular filtration. -inability to regulate fluid and electrolyte balacne (volume overload or electrolyte imbalances) -inability to maintain acid base balance. normal BUN. 10-20 mg/dL.Terms in this set (66) Acute Renal Failure. *Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF) *Is an ABRUPT loss of kidney function that develops within 7 days, as measured by increased BUN and increased CREATININE. *Hallmark is azotemia, OFTEN with oliguria. *The causes of acute kidney injury are commonly categorized into ...Chapter 26 renal failure kidney function. What happens with renal failure? Click the card to flip 👆. Kidneys fail to filter blood into urine. Less waste is removed, more waste remains in the blood, nitrogenous compounds build up in the blood. Click the card to flip 👆. 1 / 25.What is kidney failure? Click the card to flip 👆 When the kidneys don't work properly, so waste substances build up in the blood and you lose the ability to control the levels of ions and water in your body - this will eventually result in deathKidney failure means your kidneys no longer work well enough to do these jobs and, as a result, other health problems develop. As your kidney function goes down, you may. have swelling, usually in your legs, feet, or ankles. get headaches. feel itchy. feel tired during the day and have sleep problems at night.Electrolyte Disorders. JessieRiddle07. Preview. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Absence of urine production, indicating kidney failure, is called, Classic symptoms of glomerulonephritis include, The massive edema of nephrotic syndrome is caused by and more.glucose consumption. diet control. Which of the following is the correct word part breakdown for the term 'hemodialysis'? hemo (urine) dia (complete) lysis (to seperate) Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What body system are the kidneys a part of?, which root element mean kidney?, Which term means sudden? and more.A. Acute renal failure can result from conditions that cause inadequate kidney. perfusion. B. Acute renal failure begins with a gradual process of decreased renal function. C. Acute renal failure results in damage to 90% to 95% of nephrons. D. Acute renal failure is irreversible. Click the card to flip 👆. ANS: A.Most frequently occurring disorder in the urinary system. stones anywhere in the urinary tract, but usually in the renal pelvis or urinary bladder. Usually formed in patients with an excess of the mineral calcium. inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, concentrate urine, and conserve electrolytes.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What biochemical parameter may be decreased during renal failure?, What is the role of alarms in renal replacement therapy?, The nurse provides care for a patient admitted with an acute kidney injury. Which characteristics of the condition does the nurse expect this patient to exhibit? Select all that apply. and more.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which glomerular filtration rate (GFR) result indicates a patient has progressed to the last stage of kidney disease? 15 mL/min 60 mL/min 90 mL/min 45-59 mL/min, Which factor impacts chronic kidney disease (CKD) prognosis? Cause Symptoms Gender Use of dialysis, Which Social Security Act Title recognizes end-stage renal disease ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Prerenal failure, Prerenal failure, causes of reduced blood flow in prerenal failure and more.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which stage of urine production involves returning water, nutrients, and electrolytes to the bloodstream? A) secretion B) reabsorption C) filtration D) excretion, _____ involves taking X-rays to trace the action of the kidney as it expels a dye injected into the bloodstream.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What important role does the kidney play in the body?, Why may kidney infections result in kidney failure?, How may high blood pressure effect the kidney? 2 and more.POSTRENAL. Hydronephrosis is distention of the kidneys, usually the result of some type of obstruction preventing flow from exiting the kidney. The most common cause of the blockage is a kidney stone. Structural abnormalities may also cause hydronephrosis. As the obstruction is occurring after the fluid drains from the kidney, this is a ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like when the kidneys are unable to remove metabolic waste from the body it is called, this type of renal failure effects MANY body systems, this type of renal failure effects EVERY body system and more.Renal failure refers to temporary or permanent damage to the kidneys that result in loss of normal kidney function. There are two different types of renal failure - acute and chronic.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What biochemical parameter may be decreased during renal failure?, What is the role of alarms in renal replacement therapy?, The nurse provides care for a patient admitted with an acute kidney injury. Which characteristics of the condition does the nurse expect this patient to …The health care provider tells the medical assistant to schedule the patient for the removal of a kidney. The medical assistant notifies surgery that the patient needs a __________.Acute cholangitis refers to a condition characterized by fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain, caused by stasis and infection in the biliary tract. It can be life-threatening. Clients with cholangitis should be monitored for sepsis. Blood and urine cultures should be obtained before initiating antibiotics.Acute kidney injury is associated with an increased level of potassium, a decreased level of sodium, and a decreased level of blood urea nitrogen. When assessing the mental status of a patient in acute renal failure, the nurse recognizes that abnormal findings are most likely caused by: 1. Anger related to denial of chronic illness.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is stage 1 in Chronic Kidney Disease?, What is stage 2 in Chronic Kidney Disease?, What is stage 3 in Chronic Kidney Disease? and more.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A client with acute renal failure develops sever hyperkalemia. What would the nurse anticipate to be used to treat this imbalance? 1) Furosemide (Lasix) 2) Amphojel (aluminum hydroxide) 3) 50% glucose and regular insulin 4) Epoetin (Procrit), A cllient with chronic renal failure has been …Tubular damage in kidneys Inflammation, infection, and nephrotoxic drugs may result in irreparable nephron injury and tubular damage in the kidneys. This category of AKI is termed intrarenal because the damage is to the nephron and tubule itself. Intrarenal AKI is characterized by the presence of sediments of red blood cells, myoglobin, hemoglobin, and tubular debris in the urine.Decreased kidney function results in decreased 1- α-hydroxylation of vitamin D, which leads to_____ (thereby contributing to hypocalcemia). With advanced CKD and the loss of nephrons, ______________excretion drops, and the bone attempts to buffer the acid buildup by releasing calcium and phosphates.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Prerenal failure, Prerenal failure, causes of reduced blood flow in prerenal failure and more.As a result, patients with chronic kidney disease may become anemic. These patients also have a tendency to bleed due to impaired platelet aggregation. Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of late-stage chronic kidney disease?chronic kidney failure may result from chronic kidney disease- bilateral pyelonephritis, congential polycystic idney disease, systemic disorders- diabetes, hypertension, low level exposure to nephrotoxins over sustained period of timeStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Renal failure, Renal failure causes, Renal disease classified by and more.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which statement explains why metabolic acidosis develops with kidney failure? 1. Inability of the renal tubules to secrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate 2. Depressed respiratory rate due to metabolic wastes, causing carbon dioxide retention 3. Inability of the renal tubules to …Specific gravity, pH, presence of protein, blood, sugar, and ketones. Micturition is the inability to control urine excretion. false. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A person suffering from a renal calculi has no feeling of urgency., Acute pyelonephritis is:, Acute pyelonephritis requires minimization of ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Severity of obstructive uropathy, Hydroureter, Hydronephrosis and more. ... E= endstage kidney disease. AKI commonly results from. ... may result from ischemic tubular necrosis (ATN), nephron (ATN), acute glomerulonephritis, vascular disease (malignant hypertension, disseminated ...A) Decreased caliber of the urinary stream can be caused by an enlarged prostate gland. B)A microscopic kidney stone is often referred to as sand or gravel. C)Calculogenesis and lithogenesis are both the process of forming kidney stones. D)The treatment for polycystic kidney disease is a diuretic drug.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like While caring for a patient with kidney failure, the patient has three episodes of vomiting and diarrhea. Which action should the nurse perform as a priority? A. Administer antiemetic. B. Record the blood pressure. C. Record the volume of fluid lost. D. Administer water with a high salt content., …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like when the kidneys are unable to remove metabolic waste from the body it is called, this type of renal failure effects MANY body systems, this type of renal failure effects EVERY body system and more.Action myoclonus–renal failure (AMRF) syndrome causes episodes of involuntary muscle jerking or twitching (myoclonus) and, often, kidney (renal) disease. Explore symptoms, inherita...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Clinical manifestations of chronic kidney disease include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A.hyperkalemia. B.QT prolongation. C.dehydration. D.hypotension., All of the following conditions may cause urinary retention, EXCEPT: Select one: A.nerve damage. B.testicular torsion. C.urinary tract infections. D.benign prostatic ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Consequences of chronic kidney disease include fluid and electrolyte imbalances, skeletal disorders, and alterations in cardiovascular function., The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a key lab measurement of the presence and/or degree of kidney failure., Success rates of kidney transplantation …Polycystic kidney disease is most commonly an inherited disorder. true. The kidneys are particularly resistant to damage from drug exposure. false. Renal calculi can usually be attributed to a high-salt diet. true. Glomerular disorders often result in protein being present in the urine. true.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has chronic kidney fallure (CKF) and is scheduled to begin hemodialysis. Which of the following statements should the nurse make about the hemodialysis procedure?, A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has chronic kidney failure and is scheduled to begin hemodialysis.Chronic renal failure can develop from a number of causes. Regardless of the cause, kidney failure results in abnormalities in blood laboratory values. As kidney function is compromised, the kidneys are no longer able to reabsorb calcium and iron. Substances normally secreted, such as potassium, begin to elevate in the blood.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The critical care nurse knows that in critically ill patients, renal dysfunction a. is a very rare problem. b. affects nearly two thirds of patients. c. has a low mortality rate once renal replacement therapy has been initiated. d. has little effect on morbidity, mortality, or quality of life., The nurse is caring for a patient ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A patient with chronic kidney disease has an arteriovenous (AV) graft in the right forearm. What is the nurse's priority in determining the patency of the graft?, Laboratory results have been obtained for a patient with a 15-year history of type 2 diabetes. Which result reflects the expected pattern accompanying macrovascular ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A client is experiencing kidney failure. Which is the most serious complication for which the nurse must monitor a client with kidney failure? 1 Anemia 2 Weight loss 3 Uremic frost 4 Hyperkalemia, The registered nurse discusses normal renal function with the client. Which statements made by the client are correct regarding ...c. respiratory alkalosis. d. respiratory acidosis. c. Which statement by a patient diagnosised with heart failure indicates a correct understanding of prevention and clinical manifestations of hypervolemia. a. i must drink a quart of liquid each day. b. i will wiegh myself every morning before i eat or drink.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The MOST common acute renal disease is: Answers: A. nephrolithiasis. B. urinary tract infection. C. carcinoma. ... Patients with chronic kidney disease may present with uremic frost, especially: Answers: A. to the flank area. B. in the urine. C. around the face. D. during emesis.Prerenal. George, age 72, recently suffered a heart attack, damaging his left ventricle. He appears to be suffering from left-sided heart failure. Stroke volume, blood pressure, and cardiac output are all reduced. George's renal function may be impaired. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels are increasing and glomerular ...True. Urinary tract infections are caused primarily by bacteria from the skin or colon. Large volumes of pale and dilute urine. The color and volume of urine may indicate disease, for example diabetics produce _____. A. large volumes of dark and concentrated urine. B. large volumes of pale and dilute urine.Chapter 26: Acute Renal Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease Porth - Essentials of Pathophysiology Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free.Renal Failure. ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY: Kidney Failure. Click the card to flip 👆. • Kidney failure is the partial or complete impairment of kidney function. It results in an inability to excrete metabolic waste products and water and causes functional disturbances of all body systems. Click the card to flip 👆. 1 / 31.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like With severe kidney disease, either hypokalemia or hyperkalemia may occur and cause: a. cardiac arrhythmias b. encephalopathy c. hypervolemia d. skeletal muscle twitch or spasm, Renal disease frequently causes hypertension because: a. albuminuria increases vascular volume b. congestion and ischemia stimulate release of renin c ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Inflammation of the peritoneal membranes, or peritonitis, can cause dysfunction of multiple organs in the abdominal cavity. Would you expect peritonitis to affect the kidneys? Explain., Explain why a patient with long-term renal failure might have a decreased number of erythrocytes in his or her blood., Predict the effects of a ...