Newton-meters Pound-feet; 10 Nm: 7.376 lbf.ft: 20 Nm: 14.751 lbf.ft: 30 Nm: 22.127 lbf.ft: 40 Nm: 29.502 lbf.ft: 50 Nm: 36.878 lbf.ft: 60 Nm: 44.254 lbf.ft: 70 Nm: 51.629 lbf.ft: 80 Nm: 59.005 lbf.ft: 90 Nm: 66.381 lbf.ft: 100 Nm: …60 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 44.25372894 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 61 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 44.991291089 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 62 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 45.728853238 LB FT (Foot Pounds)Foot-Pound : The foot-pound (symbol: ft•lb) is a measurement unit of energy which is equivalent to 1.3558179483314 joules. It is defined as the amount of energy expended in applying a force of one pound-force through a displacement of one foot. Commonly used in the Engineering and Gravitational Systems in United States customary and imperial ...Way to Convert Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Online. Fuelunitconversion.com. Tweet. Home; LBS ⇔ KG (Pounds ⇔ Kilograms) BHP ⇔ KW (Brake Horse Power ⇔ Kilowatts) NM ⇔ LB-FT (Newton Meters ⇔ Foot Pounds) ... 82 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 60.480096218 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 83 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 61.217658367 LB FT (Foot Pounds)Way to Convert Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Online. Fuelunitconversion.com. Tweet. Home; LBS ⇔ KG (Pounds ⇔ Kilograms) BHP ⇔ KW (Brake Horse Power ⇔ Kilowatts) NM ⇔ LB-FT (Newton Meters ⇔ Foot Pounds) ... 82 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 60.480096218 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 83 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 61.217658367 LB FT (Foot Pounds)Convert Newton Meters to Pound Force Foot (Nm in lbf ft). Newton Meters and Pound Force Foot both are the units of TORQUE. See the charts and tables conversion here! ... 60 Nm = 44.253728902173 lbf ft: 70 Nm = 51.629350385869 lbf ft: 80 Nm = 59.004971869564 lbf ft: 90 Nm = 66.38059335326 lbf ft: 100 Nm = 73.756214836955 lbf ft:How many pound force feet in 97 newton meters: If τ N⋅m = 97 then τ lbf-ft = 0.73756214927727 × 97 = 71.543528479895 lbf-ft. Note: Newton meter is a metric unit of torque. Pound force foot is a foot-pound-second (FPS) unit of torque.60 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 44.25372894 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 61 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 44.991291089 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 62 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 45.728853238 LB FT (Foot Pounds)Get free real-time information on GBP/LBP quotes including GBP/LBP live chart. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksWay to Convert Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Online. Fuelunitconversion.com. Tweet. Home; LBS ⇔ KG (Pounds ⇔ Kilograms) BHP ⇔ KW (Brake Horse Power ⇔ Kilowatts) NM ⇔ LB-FT (Newton Meters ⇔ Foot Pounds) ... 82 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 60.480096218 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 83 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 61.217658367 LB FT (Foot Pounds)250 Newton Meters is equal to 183.824 Foot Pound Force. Formula to convert 250 Nm to ft lbf is 250 / 1.36. Q: How many Newton Meters in 250 Foot Pounds Force? The answer is 340 Newton Meters. Lastest Convert Queries. 900 …176 Nm is equal to 129.888 Ft lbs. 176 Foot Pound Conversion. Feet Pounds. 129.888. Inch Pounds. 1557.732.How many foot-pounds is equal to 150 newton meters? 150 NM is equal to 110.7 ft-lbs. 150 Nm to ft-lbs calculator converts 150 newton meters into foot-pounds by dividing 150 Nm by 1.356. Therefore, to convert 150 Nm into ft-lbs, divide 150 newton pounds by 1.356. 150 Nm / 1.356 = 110.7 ft lbs.Investors have staked enormous sums of money on the prospect of a falling British pound as the likely outcome of "Brexit." By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and ...78.64Nm. 59ft-lb. 79.99Nm. Foot-pounds to Newton-meters (ft-lb to Nm) conversion calculator for Energy and Power conversions with additional tables and formulas.Instant free online tool for newton meter to foot-pound conversion or vice versa. The newton meter [N*m] to foot-pound [ft*lbf] conversion table and conversion steps are also listed. Also, explore tools to convert newton meter or foot-pound to other energy units or learn more about energy conversions.Plus: Another (very expensive) state funeral Good morning, Quartz readers! The British pound hit a record low. It plunged 5% against the dollar as the UK is poised to make its bigg...Foot-Pound : The foot-pound (symbol: ft•lb) is a measurement unit of energy which is equivalent to 1.3558179483314 joules. It is defined as the amount of energy expended in applying a force of one pound-force through a displacement of one foot. Commonly used in the Engineering and Gravitational Systems in United States customary and imperial ...Way to Convert Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Online. Fuelunitconversion.com. Tweet. Home; LBS ⇔ KG (Pounds ⇔ Kilograms) BHP ⇔ KW (Brake Horse Power ⇔ Kilowatts) NM ⇔ LB-FT (Newton Meters ⇔ Foot Pounds) ... 82 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 60.480096218 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 83 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 61.217658367 LB FT (Foot Pounds)We assume you are converting between foot-pound force and newton-meter. You can view more details on each measurement unit: foot pounds or newton-meter The SI derived unit for energy is the joule. 1 joule is equal to 0.73756214927727 foot pounds, or 1 newton-meter.This time, all you need to know is that 1 ft-lb is equivalent to 1.3558 Nm. This means that to convert from foot-pounds to newton-meters, you need to multiply the …Foot-Pound : The foot-pound (symbol: ft•lb) is a measurement unit of energy which is equivalent to 1.3558179483314 joules. It is defined as the amount of energy expended in applying a force of one pound-force through a displacement of one foot. Commonly used in the Engineering and Gravitational Systems in United States customary and imperial ...All you need to remember is that 1 Nm is equivalent to 1.3558 ft-lbs. So, to convert from newton meters to foot-pounds, you just need to multiply the value you have by the factor of 1.3558. In addition to our data types tables, we have compiled a handy conversion table. It includes the list of data types and their corresponding conversions.814.9153. 600.98. 814.9289. 600.99. 814.9424. 610 ft lbs to nm. 600 ft lbs to nm to convert 600 foot pounds to newton meters. 600 foot pound = 813.60 newton meters.43.52ft-lb. Newton-meters to Foot-pounds (Nm to ft-lb) conversion calculator for Energy and Power conversions with additional tables and formulas.Way to Convert Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Online. Fuelunitconversion.com. Tweet. Home; LBS ⇔ KG (Pounds ⇔ Kilograms) BHP ⇔ KW (Brake Horse Power ⇔ Kilowatts) NM ⇔ LB-FT (Newton Meters ⇔ Foot Pounds) ... 82 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 60.480096218 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 83 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 61.217658367 LB FT (Foot Pounds)290 Newton Meters is equal to 213.235 Foot Pound Force. Formula to convert 290 Nm to ft lbf is 290 / 1.36. Q: How many Newton Meters in 290 Foot Pounds Force? The answer is 394.4 Newton Meters. Lastest Convert Queries. 980 Newton Meters to Kilowatt-HourHow many foot-pounds is equal to 170 newton meters? 170 NM is equal to 125.46 ft-lbs. 170 Nm to ft-lbs calculator converts 170 newton meters into foot-pounds by dividing 170 Nm by 1.356. Therefore, to convert 170 Nm into ft-lbs, divide 170 newton pounds by 1.356. 170 Nm / 1.356 = 125.46 ft lbs. Convert 170 nm to ft lbs.Way to Convert Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Online. Fuelunitconversion.com. Tweet. Home; LBS ⇔ KG (Pounds ⇔ Kilograms) BHP ⇔ KW (Brake Horse Power ⇔ Kilowatts) NM ⇔ LB-FT (Newton Meters ⇔ Foot Pounds) ... 82 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 60.480096218 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 83 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 61.217658367 LB FT (Foot Pounds)How many foot-pounds is equal to 680 newton meters? 680 NM is equal to 501.84 ft-lbs. 680 Nm to ft-lbs calculator converts 680 newton meters into foot-pounds by dividing 680 Nm by 1.356. Therefore, to convert 680 Nm into ft-lbs, divide 680 newton pounds by 1.356. 680 Nm / 1.356 = 501.84 ft lbs.How many foot-pounds is equal to 160 newton meters? 160 NM is equal to 118.08 ft-lbs. 160 Nm to ft-lbs calculator converts 160 newton meters into foot-pounds by dividing 160 Nm by 1.356. Therefore, to convert 160 Nm into ft-lbs, divide 160 newton pounds by 1.356. 160 Nm / 1.356 = 118.08 ft lbs.1 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 0.737562149 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 2 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 1.475124298 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 3 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 2.212686447 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 4 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 2.950248596 LB FT (Foot Pounds)Inch-Pound : The inch-pound (Abbreviation: in-lb) is a measurement unit of energy which is equal to one-twelfth of a foot-pound. Newton-Meter : A newton metre, or newton-metre (also called "moment") is a unit of torque in the SI system. It is equal to the torque resulting from a force of one newton applied perpendicularly to a moment arm which is one metre long.145 Newton Meters is equal to 106.618 Foot Pound Force. Formula to convert 145 Nm to ft lbf is 145 / 1.36. Q: How many Newton Meters in 145 Foot Pounds Force? The answer is 197.2 Newton Meters. Lastest Convert Queries. 1200 Newton Meters to Joule 110000 Newton Meters to Kilojoule 820 Newton Meters to Kilogram-force Meter ...Way to Convert Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Online. Fuelunitconversion.com. Tweet. Home; LBS ⇔ KG (Pounds ⇔ Kilograms) BHP ⇔ KW (Brake Horse Power ⇔ Kilowatts) NM ⇔ LB-FT (Newton Meters ⇔ Foot Pounds) ... 82 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 60.480096218 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 83 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 61.217658367 LB FT (Foot Pounds)If you’re looking for a unique place for your next vacation, look no further than Albuquerque, New Mexico. Nestled around the Rio Grande River and the foothills of the Sandia Mount...60 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 44.25372894 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 61 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 44.991291089 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 62 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 45.728853238 LB FT (Foot Pounds)80 nm to ft lbs. 80 nm to ft lbs to convert 80 newton meters to foot pounds. 80 Newton meters = 58.9971 foot pounds. 80 Newton Meters to Foot Pounds.20 newton-meter to foot pound = 14.75124 foot pound. 30 newton-meter to foot pound = 22.12686 foot pound. 40 newton-meter to foot pound = 29.50249 foot pound. 50 newton-meter to foot pound = 36.87811 foot pound. 75 newton-meter to foot pound = 55.31716 foot pound. 100 newton-meter to foot pound = 73.75621 foot pound.newton-meters = foot-pounds × 1.355818. The torque in newton-meters is equal to the torque in foot-pounds multiplied by 1.355818. For example, here's how to convert 5 foot …Way to Convert Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Online. Fuelunitconversion.com. Tweet. Home; LBS ⇔ KG (Pounds ⇔ Kilograms) BHP ⇔ KW (Brake Horse Power ⇔ Kilowatts) NM ⇔ LB-FT (Newton Meters ⇔ Foot Pounds) ... 82 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 60.480096218 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 83 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 61.217658367 LB FT (Foot Pounds)Foot-Pound : The foot-pound (symbol: ft•lb) is a measurement unit of energy which is equivalent to 1.3558179483314 joules. It is defined as the amount of energy expended in applying a force of one pound-force through a displacement of one foot. Commonly used in the Engineering and Gravitational Systems in United States customary and imperial ...350 Newton Meters is equal to 257.353 Foot Pound Force. Formula to convert 350 Nm to ft lbf is 350 / 1.36. Q: How many Newton Meters in 350 Foot Pounds Force? The answer is 476.0 Newton Meters. Lastest Convert Queries. 800 Newton Meters to Foot Pound ForceTorque Conversion Calculator. You can use this free torque conversion calculator to easily convert a range of torque measurement units including pound-force inches, Newton meters, kilogram-force centimeters, ounce-force inches, kilogram-force meters, among others. How to use the torque conversion calculator.Way to Convert Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Online. Fuelunitconversion.com. Tweet. Home; LBS ⇔ KG (Pounds ⇔ Kilograms) BHP ⇔ KW (Brake Horse Power ⇔ Kilowatts) NM ⇔ LB-FT (Newton Meters ⇔ Foot Pounds) ... 82 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 60.480096218 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 83 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 61.217658367 LB FT (Foot Pounds)50 Newton Meters is equal to 36.7647 Foot Pound Force. Formula to convert 50 Nm to ft lbf is 50 / 1.36. Q: How many Newton Meters in 50 Foot Pounds Force? The answer is 68 Newton Meters. Lastest Convert Queries. 165 Newton Meters to Btu Mean 14715 Newton Meters to Erg 727971 Newton Meters to Foot Pound Force ...Way to Convert Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Online. Fuelunitconversion.com. Tweet. Home; LBS ⇔ KG (Pounds ⇔ Kilograms) BHP ⇔ KW (Brake Horse Power ⇔ Kilowatts) NM ⇔ LB-FT (Newton Meters ⇔ Foot Pounds) ... 82 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 60.480096218 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 83 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 61.217658367 LB FT (Foot Pounds)ENERGY Units Conversion. foot-pound to newton-meter. How to convert Foot Pound to Newton Meter (ftlb to Nm)? 1 ftlb = 1.35582 Nm. 1 x 1.35582 Nm = 1.35582 Newton Meter. Always check the results; rounding errors may occur. In relation to the base unit of [energy] => (joules), 1 Foot Pound (ftlb) is equal to 1.35582 joules, while 1 Newton Meter ...270 Newton Meters is equal to 198.529 Foot Pound Force. Formula to convert 270 Nm to ft lbf is 270 / 1.36. Q: How many Newton Meters in 270 Foot Pounds Force? The answer is 367.2 Newton Meters. Lastest Convert Queries. 105 Newton Meters to Kilogram-force MeterThere are 8.850746 inch-pounds in a newton-meter, which is why we use this value in the formula above. 1 Nm = 8.850746 lb-in. Newton-meters and inch-pounds are both units used to measure torque. Keep reading to learn more about each unit of measure.More information from the unit converter. How many N-m in 1 foot pounds? The answer is 1.3558179483314. We assume you are converting between newton-meter and foot-pound force.You can view more details on each measurement unit: N-m or foot pounds The SI derived unit for energy is the joule. 1 joule is equal to 1 N-m, or 0.73756214927727 foot …130 nm to ft lbs to convert 130 newton meters to foot pounds. 130 Newton meters = 95.8702 foot pounds. Toggle navigation Convert Online. Home; Length; Weight; Volume; Temperature; Pressure; Cooking; ... 130.60 nm: 96.3127 ft lbs: 130.61 nm: 96.3201 ft lbs: 130.62 nm: 96.3274 ft lbs: 130.63 nm: 96.3348 ft lbs: 130.64 nm: 96.3422 ft lbs: 130.65 ...Foot-Pound : The foot-pound (symbol: ft•lb) is a measurement unit of energy which is equivalent to 1.3558179483314 joules. It is defined as the amount of energy expended in applying a force of one pound-force through a displacement of one foot. Commonly used in the Engineering and Gravitational Systems in United States customary and imperial ...60 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 44.25 LB FT (Foot Pounds) Use Quick NM to LB FT Conversion. NM to LB FT Conversion Table. 1 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to …500 Foot-pound kraft = 677.91 Newton meter. 500000 Foot-pound kraft = 677908.97 Newton meter. 9 Foot-pound kraft = 12.2024 Newton meter. 1000 Foot-pound kraft = 1355.82 Newton meter. 1000000 Foot-pound kraft = 1355817.95 Newton meter. Foot-pound kraft till Newton meter. Konvertera mellan enheterna (ft·lb → Nm) eller se konverteringstabellen.Way to Convert Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Online. Fuelunitconversion.com. Tweet. Home; LBS ⇔ KG (Pounds ⇔ Kilograms) BHP ⇔ KW (Brake Horse Power ⇔ Kilowatts) NM ⇔ LB-FT (Newton Meters ⇔ Foot Pounds) ... 82 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 60.480096218 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 83 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 61.217658367 …Way to Convert Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Online. Fuelunitconversion.com. Tweet. Home; LBS ⇔ KG (Pounds ⇔ Kilograms) BHP ⇔ KW (Brake Horse Power ⇔ Kilowatts) NM ⇔ LB-FT (Newton Meters ⇔ Foot Pounds) ... 82 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 60.480096218 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 83 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 61.217658367 …Foot-Pound : The foot-pound (symbol: ft•lb) is a measurement unit of energy which is equivalent to 1.3558179483314 joules. It is defined as the amount of energy expended in applying a force of one pound-force through a displacement of one foot. Commonly used in the Engineering and Gravitational Systems in United States customary and imperial ...Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Newton Meters to Foot Pounds; 1 nm to ft lbs = 0.0007: 105 nm to ft lbs = 0.0757: 2 nm to ft lbs = 0.0015: 108 nm to ft lbs = 0.0767: 3 nm to ft lbs = 0.0022: 110 nm to ft lbs = 0.0777: 4 nm to ft lbs = 0.0030: 113 nm to ft lbs = 0.0786: 5 nm to ft lbs = 0.0037: 115 nm to ft lbs = 0.0796: 8 nm to ft lbs = 0.0059 ...You are currently converting Energy units from Newton-Meter to Foot-Pound. 60 Newton-Meter (N∙m) = 44.25373 Foot-Pound (ft∙lb) Visit 60 Foot-Pound to Newton-Meter Conversion. Newton-Meter : A newton metre, or newton-metre (also called "moment") is a unit of torque in the SI system. It is equal to the torque resulting from a force of one ...Nov 24, 2023 · Example of Degrees to ft lbs Calculator. Let’s consider an example where a rotating object experiences a torque of 10 foot-pounds and an angle of 45 degrees. Using the Degrees to ft lbs Calculator formula: Work (ft-lbs) = Torque (10 ft-lbs) × Angle (45 degrees) The resulting work done would be: Work (ft-lbs) = 10 ft-lbs × 45 degrees = 450 ...To convert newton meters to foot pounds you simply multiply your newton meters by 0.7375610332. The formula would look like this: Y ftlb = X Nm * 0.7375610332. 1 Newton Meters equals. Joules: 1: ... 60 Nm: 44.2536619905 ftlb: 70 Nm: 51.6292723223 ftlb: 80 Nm: 59.004882654 ftlb: 90 Nm: 66.3804929858 ftlb: 100 Nm: 73.7561033175 ftlb:Way to Convert Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Online. Fuelunitconversion.com. Tweet. Home; LBS ⇔ KG (Pounds ⇔ Kilograms) BHP ⇔ KW (Brake Horse Power ⇔ Kilowatts) NM ⇔ LB-FT (Newton Meters ⇔ Foot Pounds) ... 82 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 60.480096218 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 83 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 61.217658367 LB FT (Foot Pounds)Way to Convert Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Online. Fuelunitconversion.com. Tweet. Home; LBS ⇔ KG (Pounds ⇔ Kilograms) BHP ⇔ KW (Brake Horse Power ⇔ Kilowatts) NM ⇔ LB-FT (Newton Meters ⇔ Foot Pounds) ... 82 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 60.480096218 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 83 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 61.217658367 LB FT (Foot Pounds)Foot-Pound : The foot-pound (symbol: ft•lb) is a measurement unit of energy which is equivalent to 1.3558179483314 joules. It is defined as the amount of energy expended in applying a force of one pound-force through a displacement of one foot. Commonly used in the Engineering and Gravitational Systems in United States customary and imperial ...Pound Force Foot : The pound force-foot, or pound-foot (lb•ft or lbf•ft) is a unit of torque which is a pseudovector. It is equal to 1.3558179483314004 newton meters. It is defined as the torque created by one pound force acting at a perpendicular distance of one foot from a pivot point.60 Newton Meters is equal to 531.042 Inch-Pound Force. Formula to convert 60 Nm to in lbf is 60 * 8.8507.It is a free online newton-meters to foot-pounds (nm to ft lbs) energy converter. Newton meter is a standard international measuring unit of energy and denoted as "N m or N⋅m". One newton force applied to an object through a distance of one meter in a force direction. ... 60 nm = 44.253728958 ft lb 70 nm = 51.629350451 ft lb 80 nm = 59. ...Way to Convert Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Online. Fuelunitconversion.com. Tweet. Home; LBS ⇔ KG (Pounds ⇔ Kilograms) BHP ⇔ KW (Brake Horse Power ⇔ Kilowatts) NM ⇔ LB-FT (Newton Meters ⇔ Foot Pounds) ... 82 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 60.480096218 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 83 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 61.217658367 …Way to Convert Newton Meters to Foot Pounds Online. Fuelunitconversion.com. Tweet. Home; LBS ⇔ KG (Pounds ⇔ Kilograms) BHP ⇔ KW (Brake Horse Power ⇔ Kilowatts) NM ⇔ LB-FT (Newton Meters ⇔ Foot Pounds) ... 82 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 60.480096218 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 83 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 61.217658367 LB FT (Foot Pounds)60 Inch Pounds to Foot Pounds, Mycalcu online free Calculator for simple and advanced quick conversions. ... 60 IN lbs to Ft lbs calculator also converts 60 inch pounds (in-lbs) into newton meters (nm) as well. inch-pounds foot-pounds; 60.00 inch-pounds: 5 foot-pounds: 60.01 inch-pounds: 5.000833 foot-pounds: 60.02 inch-pounds:60 Inch Pounds to Foot Pounds, Mycalcu online free Calculator for simple and advanced quick conversions. ... 60 IN lbs to Ft lbs calculator also converts 60 inch pounds (in-lbs) into newton meters (nm) as well. inch-pounds foot-pounds; 60.00 inch-pounds: 5 foot-pounds: 60.01 inch-pounds: 5.000833 foot-pounds: 60.02 inch-pounds:Where: Torque - Torque measured in foot-pounds (ft-lb),; RPM - Engine speed in revolutions per minute.; Horsepower (HP) is a unit of power used to measure the rate at which work is done, particularly in engines and motors. This formula is commonly used in the automotive industry to calculate the horsepower of a vehicle's engine based on its torque and rotational speed.